Filtered by Topic: Monetary Policy Use setting Monetary Policy
Successful vaccination campaigns allowed governments to keep economies open during the recent Omicron waves, and our Mobility Trackers suggest that activity held up much better than we had originally anticipated. Indeed, GDP figures for Vietnam published …
29th March 2022
The war in Ukraine, as well as the hawkish tone adopted by some developed market (DM) central banks, have led us to revise up our end-22 and end-23 forecasts for government bond yields in some DMs and to lower our projections for DM equities generally . …
23rd March 2022
While the war in Ukraine and sanctions on Russian oil mean energy prices will remain elevated and push headline inflation above 8% in March, it will still fall sharply later this year. (See Chart 1.) Energy inflation and inflation in categories that saw …
The surge in interest rate expectations is a key risk to housing. We recently set out how, due to the much larger share of variable rate mortgages than before the pandemic, the Bank of Canada would need to raise its policy rate to 2.5% to achieve the same …
The war in Ukraine will have several economic repercussions for the emerging world. We have lowered our aggregate EM GDP growth forecast for 2022 by 1%-pt, to 3.2%. Russia aside, the biggest downward revisions have been to other Emerging European …
Governor Kuroda admitted last week that inflation could hit the Bank of Japan’s 2% target in April but stressed that “that in no way signifies there will be a revision of our current monetary policy”. Even if rising import costs cause inflation to …
21st March 2022
The surge in commodity prices as a result of the war in Ukraine will have several repercussions for India’s economy. As a major net commodity importer, its terms of trade will deteriorate and we think the current account deficit could reach almost 4% of …
17th March 2022
We warned at the start of the year that global growth would disappoint, while inflation would surprise to the upside in 2022 and recent events have added to those concerns. The surge in commodity prices related to the war in Ukraine means that headline …
15th March 2022
The UK is not as exposed to the economic consequences of the war in Ukraine as the rest of Europe. Even so, in response to the surge in global commodity prices caused by the war we have dramatically revised up our inflation forecasts and modestly revised …
9th March 2022
RBA Governor Lowe noted in a recent speech that the Bank no longer has specific criteria for deciding whether inflation is sustainably in the target range. But he highlighted that along with the actual rate of inflation and the outlook, the breadth of …
7th March 2022
The war in Ukraine has prompted us to revise our forecasts for euro-zone GDP, inflation and monetary policy. Russia’s downturn in 2015 had no obvious impact on euro-zone GDP and Russia has become less important as an export market since then. But we …
4th March 2022
The Gulf economies are key beneficiaries from the rise in energy prices caused by the Russia-Ukraine crisis. On an annualised basis, oil at $100pb would increase hydrocarbon export revenues by 7-10%-pts of GDP across the Gulf (relative to 2021). This …
28th February 2022
Elevated commodity prices on the back of the Russia-Ukraine crisis will almost certainly add to inflationary pressures across Sub-Saharan Africa. High prices for energy, metals and agricultural products that African countries export seem to have shielded …
As well as a geopolitical quagmire for China’s leadership, the Russia-Ukraine conflict has become a headache for the PBOC. It has been signalling its dissatisfaction with the strength of the renminbi in recent months. But the renminbi is one of very few …
The recent jump in oil prices poses a significant upside risk to our inflation and interest rate forecasts for this year. Central banks would normally “look through” a one-off jump in the price level and try and cushion the blow to real incomes by keeping …
Russia’s military invasion of Ukraine has caused turmoil in financial markets across the region. Western nations have imposed sanctions on Russia, including targeting some of its largest banks and their access to the international financial system. …
25th February 2022
The easing of Omicron waves, and loosening of restrictions, across Latin America will have given a lift to recoveries in recent weeks, but the fallout from the Russia-Ukraine crisis presents a fresh headwind to the region. While the recent surge in global …
24th February 2022
The evidence of broadening inflationary pressures and the further rise in oil prices suggest that the balance of risks to our inflation forecast lies to the upside. The January consumer price data showed a surprisingly large rise in headline inflation, to …
23rd February 2022
Net portfolio outflows from Indian financial markets have picked up over recent weeks as the growing prospects of war between Ukraine and Russia and tighter global monetary policy have caused risk appetite to sour. Outflows from the equity market have …
Yields on 10-year Swiss government bonds have moved in lockstep with those of Bunds since the start of the pandemic, and thus followed their German counterparts above zero in January. (See Chart 1.) While the Swiss yield has dropped back a bit since …
21st February 2022
Services spending jumped to only 3% below its pre-virus level in Q4 2021 despite having begun the quarter on a weak footing with curfews still in place for bars and restaurants across many regions in October. (See Chart 1.) It will have been knocked …
The threat of sanctions has weighed on Russia’s stock market recently, but even if tensions abated we wouldn’t expect it to make big gains over the next couple of years. Russia’s equities have been volatile lately, but the big picture is that the tensions …
18th February 2022
The further rise in CPI inflation to 7.5% in January and hawkish comments from Fed officials have seen markets rush to price in a series of aggressive interest rate hikes this year. But recent weeks have also brought tentative signs that better news on …
17th February 2022
Even if tensions between Russia and Ukraine abated, we wouldn’t expect risky assets to gain all that much over the rest of this year and next, mainly because we think ongoing monetary tightening would continue to keep a lid on any rally. Risky assets have …
16th February 2022
While data from the past month have been consistent with global economic activity picking up some pace towards the tail end of 2021, timely data point to a weak turn of the year as the Omicron wave took its toll. For example, virus caution and government …
11th February 2022
Rising inflation has put major DM central banks under pressure and interest rate expectations have risen. But most emerging markets look relatively well placed to weather a period of DM policy tightening. Current account deficits are generally small or in …
We estimate that the leap in utility prices and hike in taxes on 1 st April will reduce real household disposable incomes over the next two years by a cumulative £80bn. The resulting 2.0% decline in real incomes in 2022 will be the largest on record. (See …
10th February 2022
Both we and the market are now discounting 100bp of ECB rate hikes by the end of 2023. (See Chart 1.) And given the sequencing set out by Christine Lagarde, it seems likely that net asset purchases will end in Q3 this year at the latest. There are a …
8th February 2022
Waves of the Omicron variant that spread across the region in December have subsided sharply in recent weeks. In South Africa, cases have fallen by over 85% since their mid-December peak, and the latest outbreaks have receded with similar speed elsewhere …
31st January 2022
Millions of people traditionally travel across China to spend this evening, the eve of Lunar New Year, with their families. The tradition has been severely disrupted by the pandemic. Last year, amid a flare-up in COVID infections, local governments …
Central banks in the Gulf will have to raise interest rates in line with the Fed (which we expect to hike four times both this year and next) by virtue of their dollar pegs, adding to headwinds facing non-oil sectors. Outside the Gulf, the main risk is …
28th January 2022
New Zealand’s inflation surged to a 30-year high of 5.9% in Q4. And while Australia’s 3.5% was much lower, it is well above the RBA’s 2-3% target band. Trimmed mean inflation is about one percentage lower, but business surveys suggest it will rise further …
Industry across Emerging Europe turned a corner in Q4 as auto production rebounded strongly. This comes amid signs that supply shortages are starting to ease; our proprietary shortages dashboard suggests that product shortages may have peaked. We think …
27th January 2022
The Omicron variant is spreading quickly across Asia. Daily virus numbers are now at record levels in Korea, Singapore and the Philippines. However, the economic impact of Omicron is shaping up to be much smaller than previous virus waves. Restrictions, …
The rapid spread of the Omicron variant in India has caused economic activity to weaken so far in 2022. But the damage has been much less severe than during the previous two outbreaks. (See Chart 1.) Perhaps unsurprisingly, airport traffic has been one of …
Political risk will be a major theme once again in Latin America this year, although recent developments have given cause for cautious optimism. Chilean President-elect Boric’s appointment of Mario Marcel , the current Central Bank Governor, as the next …
25th January 2022
The Bank of Canada’s fourth-quarter Business Outlook Survey showed firms’ wage expectations at a record high, which suggests that wage growth could accelerate to far above the pre-pandemic norm this year. (See Chart 1.) With little sign yet of a rebound …
Skyrocketing infections and a 10-day isolation requirement for close contacts of positive cases have resulted in a wave of staff absences in Japan. Domestic carmakers already struggling with chip shortages appear to have been among the first victims of …
24th January 2022
The surge in Omicron infections means more people were self-isolating in early-January than at any time since the beginning of the pandemic, although the impact that will have on employment and output remains uncertain. Furthermore, with cases now falling …
The Riksbank has learnt from its past tendency to project rate hikes that never arrive. But the single repo rate rise by end-2024 that it currently projects is stretching the limits of plausibility in the other direction. Of course, policymakers will …
17th January 2022
The Omicron variant of COVID-19 is causing new virus cases to surge in the emerging world. (See Chart 1.) Many EMs are reporting record daily cases or that new infections are rising sharply. South Africa ’s experience offers some hope – cases are now …
14th January 2022
There were signs that supply shortages were starting to ease in some places at the tail end of 2021. World trade was its strongest since shortages began to bite a year ago and industrial production had picked up too, especially in the auto industry as …
Euro-zone inflation reached 5.0% in December, which is likely to be the peak. Unless oil and gas prices surge again in 2022, which seems unlikely, energy inflation will plummet – we forecast the contribution of energy to headline inflation to drop from …
11th January 2022
The economy gained momentum at the start of the fourth quarter and we have revised up our forecast for fourth-quarter GDP growth to 5.5% annualised, from 4.0%. Given the rapidly deteriorating coronavirus situation, however, we have revised down our …
23rd December 2021
The Omicron has lifted new virus cases to a record high, though hospitalisations remain low. (See Chart 1.) We estimate that there are around 2000 hospital beds available for Covid-19 patients in New South Wales, where cases are rising most rapidly, of …
While many central banks have continued to tighten monetary policy over the past month, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) has gone in the opposite direction. We think the easing cycle in China has further to run, and that this will contribute to a further …
22nd December 2021
Recoveries across Latin America have lost momentum in Q4 even though, unlike in other regions such as Europe, new COVID-19 cases generally remain low and containment measures are still light-touch at this stage. The situation could get worse if the …
Q4 is shaping up to be strong in line with our forecast. Mobility data point to another sizeable rebound in consumer spending, and strong export data and optimistic firm forecasts suggest that industrial production has bounced back sharply. (See Chart 1). …
Most countries in Emerging Asia have now recorded cases of Omicron, and the experience from elsewhere in the world suggests that it is only a matter of time before there is widespread community transmission of the new variant. Many places have already …
The People’s Bank purchased nearly $6bn in foreign exchange last month, by our estimate. That’s not much in the context of China’s cross-border trade and investment flows. But it was the biggest purchase in six years. Then, earlier this month, while …
